Fedora Core 4

Psst... Ini Rahasia Lho...

2007-08-12T19:35:00.000-07:00

Atas instruksi dari Mr. Teguh (teguhbi[at]pegadaian.co.id) atas issue tentang "sekolah khusus" TI... berikut ini di-cecer-kan kurikulum yang akan dipelajari nantinya. Sedooot deh di sini (13Kb)

KDE Rasa Windows XP di Fedora Core 5

2007-08-09T19:53:00.000-07:00

Bosan dengan tampilan interface KDE di Fedora Core 5 yang cuman itu-itu aja? Coba deh cara di bawah ini gimana caranya merubah tampilan desktop jadi hampir serasa Windows XP:
1. Donlot file visxp.zip (6376 Kb)
2. Extract file zip tersebut ke dalam sebuah direktori (misal /master). Hasil pemekaran file zip akan terbentuk 2 folder yaitu masing-masing instalasi untuk root & untuk user.
3. Masuk sebagai root, jalankan KDE. Buka terminal, dari mc, masuk ke direktori instalasi hasil ekstrak untuk root (misal /master/root). Ketikkan: sh install. Instalasi untuk root selesai. Sekarang logout dari KDE.
4. Jika menginginkan tampilan XP berada dalam KDE untuk root, masuk lagi sebagai root, jalankan KDE. Buka terminal, dari mc, masuk ke direktori instalasi hasil ekstrak untuk user (misal /master/user). Ketikkan: sh install. Instalasi untuk root selesai. Sekarang logout dari KDE.
5. Masuk sebagai user, jalankan KDE. Buka terminal, dari mc, masuk ke direktori instalasi hasil ekstrak untuk user (misal /master/user). Ketikkan: sh install. Instalasi untuk user selesai. Sekarang logout dari KDE.
6. Selesai. Untuk melihat perubahan secara keseluruhan, silakan reboot sistem kamu.

Keterangan perubahan:
1. Perubahan pada GRUB boot splash
2. Perubahan pada login GDM

3. Perubahan pada KDE splash
4. Perubahan pada desktop interface (termasuk: background XP bliss, icon-icon, start menu, taskbar & grafis untuk window)

Penting:
HANYA UNTUK DI COBA PADA FEDORA CORE 5. Untuk Fedora 7, bisa lihat di sini.

Komparasi NFS vs SAMBA (CIFS)

2007-07-30T20:52:00.000-07:00

Beberapa rangkuman komparasi antara NFS & SAMBA (CIFS)
1. ...NFS is a technology that allows two UNIX boxes to share drives... (Sumber: http://www.elvenware.com/charlie/linux/LinuxNFSSambaCVS.html)

2. ... After many tests, Dr. Jack Fegreus concluded that for Gigabit Ethernet server-to-server file I/O traffic between UNIX/Linux servers and Windows Server 2003, the performance choice is to put NFS on Windows rather than utilize CIFS (SAMBA). When it comes to putting NFS on Windows there are then two choices: Microsoft Services for UNIX (SFU) and DiskShare... (Sumber: http://www.javvin.com/NFSdoc/nfsperformance.html)

3. ... From single threaded applications NFS gets more requests on the wire
than CIFS ... NFS network i/o size seems to fall back to 4K more than it should,
CIFS normally uses 56K for write, 16K for read. This should help cifs a
little, but NFS gets more read and write requests on the wire... In general I am seeing NFS much faster on read from single threaded apps compared to cifs... (Sumber: http://www.nabble.com/Linux-CIFS-performance-t3364721.html)

Linux Shortcuts and Commands

2007-07-22T23:16:00.000-07:00

Linux Newbie Administrator Guide
by Stan and Peter Klimas
Sumber: http://www.unixguide.net/linux/linuxshortcuts.shtml
Note: TELAH DISESUAIKAN UNTUK PEMAKAIAN INTERNAL PGOS (^-^)v

This is a practical selection of the commands we use most often. Press <Tab> to see the listing of all available command (on your PATH). On my small home system, it says there are 2595 executables on my PATH. Many of these "commands" can be accessed from your favourite GUI front-end (probably KDE or Gnome) by clicking on the right menu or button. They can all be run from the command line. Programs that require GUI have to be run from a terminal opened under a GUI.

Legend:
<> = single special or function key on the keyboard. For example <Ctrl> indicates the "control" key.
italic = name of the file or variable you probably want to substitute with your own.
fixed width = in-line Linux commands and filenames.

Notes for the UNIX Clueless:
1. LINUX IS CASE-SENSITIVE. For example: Netscape, NETSCAPE and nEtscape are three different commands. Also my_filE, my_file, and my_FILE are three different files. Your user login name and password are also case sensitive. (This goes with the tradition of UNIX and the "c" programming language being case sensitive.)
2. Filenames can be up to 256 characters long and can contain letters, numbers, "." (dot), "_" (underscore), "-" (dash), plus some other not recommended characters.
3. Files with names starting with "." are normally not shown by the ls (list) or dir commands. Think of these files as "hidden". Use ls -a (list with the option "all") to see these files.
4. "/" is an equivalent to DOS "\" (root directory, meaning the parent of all other directories).
5. Under Linux, all directories appear under a single directory tree (there are no DOS-style drive letters).
6. In a configuration file, a line starting with # is a comment.

Linux essential shortcuts and sanity commands
<Ctrl><Alt><F1>
Switch to the first text terminal. Under Linux you can have several (6 in standard setup) terminals opened at the same time.

<Ctrl><Alt><Fn> (n=1..6)
Switch to the nth text terminal.

tty
Print the name of the terminal in which you are typing this command.

<Ctrl><Alt><F7>
Switch to the first GUI terminal (if X-windows is running on this terminal).

<Ctrl><Alt><Fn> (n=7..12)
Switch to the nth GUI terminal (if a GUI terminal is running on screen n-1). On default, nothing is running on terminals
8 to 12, but you can run another server there.

<Tab>
(In a text terminal) Autocomplete the command if there is only one option, or else show all the available options.
THIS SHORTCUT IS GREAT! It even works at LILO prompt!

<ArrowUp>
Scroll and edit the command history. Press <Enter> to execute.

<Shift><PgUp>
Scroll terminal output up. Work also at the login prompt, so you can scroll through your bootup messages.

<Shift><PgDown>
Scroll terminal output down.

<Ctrl><Alt><+>
(in X-windows) Change to the next X-server resolution (if you set up the X-server to more than one resolution). For multiple resolutions on my standard SVGA card/monitor, I have the following line in the file /etc/X11/XF86Config (the first resolution starts on default, the largest determines the size of the "virtual screen"):
Modes "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480" "512x384" "480x300" "400x300" "1152x864"

<Ctrl><Alt><->
(in X-windows) Change to the previous X-server resolution.

<Ctrl><Alt><BkSpc>
(in X-windows) Kill the current X-windows server. Use if the X-windows server crushes and cannot be exited normally.

<Ctrl><Alt><Del>
Shut down the system and reboot. This is the normal shutdown command for a user at the text-mode console. Don't just press the "reset" button for shutdown!

<Ctrl>c
Kill the current process (mostly in the text mode for small applications).

<Ctrl>d
Log out from the current terminal. See also the next command.

<Ctrl>d
Send [End-of-File] to the current process. Don't press it twice else you also log out (see the previous command).

<Ctrl>s
Stop the transfer to the terminal.

<Ctrl>q
Resume the transfer to the terminal. Try if your terminal mysteriously stops responding.

<Ctrl>z
Send the current process to the background.

exit
Logout. I can also use logout for the same effect. (If you have started a second shell, e.g., using bash the second shell will be exited and you will be back in the first shell, not logged out.)

reset
Restore a screwed-up terminal (a terminal showing funny characters) to default setting. Use if you tried to "cat" a binary file. You may not be able to see the command as you type it.

<MiddleMouseButton>
Paste the text which is currently highlighted somewhere else. This is the normal "copy-paste" operation in Linux. (It doesn't work with Netscape and WordPerfect which use the MS Windows-style "copy-paste". It does work in the text terminal if you enabled "gpm" service using "setup".) Best used with a Linux-ready 3-button mouse (Logitech or similar) or else set "3-mouse button emulation").
~
(tilde) My home directory (normally the directory /home/my_login_name). For example, the command cd ~/my_dir will change my working directory to the subdirectory "my_dir" under my home directory. Typing just "cd" alone is an equivalent of the command "cd ~".
.
(dot) Current directory. For example, ./my_program will attempt to execute the file "my_program" located in your current working directory.
..
(two dots) Directory parent to the current one. For example, the command cd .. will change my current working directory one one level up.

Common Linux commands--system info
pwd
Print working directory, i.e., display the name of my current directory on the screen.

hostname
Print the name of the local host (the machine on which you are working). Use netconf (as root) to change the name of the machine.

whoami
Print my login name.

id username
Print user id (uid) and his/her group id (gid), effective id (if different than the real id) and the supplementary groups.

date
Print or change the operating system date and time. E.g., I could change the date and time to 2000-12-31 23:57 using this command:

date 123123572000
To set the hardware (BIOS) clock from the system (Linux) clock, use the command (as root) setclock

time
Determine the amount of time that it takes for a process to complete + other info. Don't confuse it with the date command. E.g. I can find out how long it takes to display a directory content using:
time ls

who
Determine the users logged on the machine.

rwho -a
(=remote who) Determine all users logged on your network. The rwho service must be enabled for this command to run. If it isn't, run setup as root to enable "rwho".

finger user_name
System info about a user. Try: finger root

last
Show listing of users last logged-in on your system.

history | more
Show the last (1000 or so) commands executed from the command line on the current account. The "| more" causes the display to stop after each screenful.

uptime
Show the amount of time since the last reboot.

ps
(=print status) List the processes currently run by the current user.

ps axu | more
List all the processes currently running, even those without the controlling terminal, together with the name of the user that owns each process.

top
Keep listing the currently running processes, sorted by cpu usage (top users first). In KDE, you can get GUI-based Ktop from "K"menu under "System"-"Task Manager" (or by executing "ktop" in an X-terminal).

uname -a
(= Unix name with option "all") Info on your (local) server. I can also use guname (in X-window terminal) to display the info more nicely.

free
Memory info (in kilobytes).

df -h
(=disk free) Print disk info about all the filesystems (in human-readable form)
du / -bh | more
(=disk usage) Print detailed disk usage for each subdirectory starting at the "/" (root) directory (in human legible form).

cat /proc/cpuinfo
Cpu info--it show the content of the file cpuinfo. Note that the files in the /proc directory are not real files--they are hooks to look at information available to the kernel.

cat /proc/interrupts
List the interrupts in use.

cat /proc/version
Linux version and other info

cat /proc/filesystems
Show the types of filesystems currently in use.

cat /etc/printcap
Show the setup of printers.

lsmod
(As root. Use /sbin/lsmod to execute this command when you are a non-root user.) Show the kernel modules currently loaded.

set|more
Show the current user environment.

echo $PATH
Show the content of the environment variable "PATH". This command can be used to show other environment variables as well. Use "set" to see the full environment.

dmesg | less
Print kernel messages (the content of the so-called kernel ring buffer). Press "q" to quit "less". Use less /var/log/dmesg to see what "dmesg" dumped into this file right after the last system bootup.

Basic operations
any_command --help |more
Display a brief help on a command (works with most commands). "--help" works similar to DOS "/h" switch. The "more" pipe is needed if the output is longer than one screen.

man topic
Display the contents of the system manual pages (help) on the topic. Try man man first. Press "q" to quit the viewer. The command info topic works similar and may contain more up-to-date information. Manual pages can be hard to read. Try any_command --help for short, easy to digest help on a command. If more info needed, have a look to the directory /usr/doc. To display manual page from a specific section, I may use something like in this example: man 3 exit (this displays an info on the command exit from section 3 of the manual pages).

apropos topic
Give me the list of the commands that have something to to do with my topic.

help command
Display brief info on a bash (shell) build-in command.

ls
List the content of the current directory. Under Linux, the command "dir" is an alias to ls. Many users have "ls" to be an alias to "ls --color".

ls -al |more
List the content of the current directory, all files (also those starting with a dot), and in a long form. Pipe the output through the "more" command, so that the display pauses after each screenful.

cd directory
Change directory. Using "cd" without the directory name will take you to your home directory. "cd -" will take you to your previous directory and is a convenient way to toggle between two directories. "cd .." will take you one directory up.

cp source destination
Copy files. E.g., cp /home/stan/existing_file_name . will copy a file to my current working directory. Use the "-r" option (for recursive) to copy the contents of whole directories, e.g. , cp -r my_existing/dir/ ~ will copy a subdirectory under my current working directory to my home directory.

mcopy source destination
Copy a file from/to a DOS filesystem (no mounting necessary). E.g., mcopy a:\autoexec.bat ~/junk . See man mtools for related commands: mdir, mcd, mren, mmove, mdel, mmd, mrd, mformat ....

mv source destination
Move or rename files. The same command is used for moving and renaming files and directories.

ln source destination
Create a hard link called destination to the file called source. The link appears as a copy of the original files, but in reality only one copy of the file is kept, just two (or more) directory entries point to it. Any changes the file are automatically visible throughout. When one directory entry is removed, the other(s) stay(s) intact. The limitation of the hard links are: the files have to be on the same filesystem, hard links to directories or special files are impossible.

ln -s source destination
Create a symbolic (soft) link called "destination" to the file called "source". The symbolic link just specifies a path where to look for the file. In contradistinction to hard links, the source and destination don't not have to tbe on the same filesystem. In comparison to hard links, the drawback of symbolic links are: if the original file is removed, the link is "broken", symbolic links can also create circular references (like circular references in spreadsheets or databases, e.g., "a" points to "b" and "b" points back to "a").

rm files
Remove (delete) files. You must own the file in order to be able to remove it. On many systems, you will be asked or confirmation of deleation, if you don't want this, use the "-f" (=force) option, e.g., rm -f * will remove all files in my current working directory, no questions asked.

mkdir directory
Make a new directory.

rmdir directory
Remove an empty directory.

rm -r files
(recursive remove) Remove files, directories, and their subdirectories. Careful with this command as root--you can easily remove all files on the system with such a command executed on the top of your directory tree, and there is no undelete in Linux (yet). But if you really wanted to do it (reconsider), here is how (as root): rm -rf /*

cat filename | more
View the content of a text file called "filename", one page a time. The "|" is the "pipe" symbol (on many American keyboards it shares the key with "\") The pipe makes the output stop after each screenful. For long files, it is sometimes convenient to use the commands head and tail that display just the beginning and the end of the file. If you happened to use "cat" a binary file and your terminal displays funny characters afterwards, you can restore it with the command "reset".

less filename
Scroll through a content of a text file. Press q when done. "Less" is roughly equivalent to "more" , the command you know from DOS, although very often "less" is more convenient than "more".

find / -name "filename"
Find the file called "filename" on your filesystem starting the search from the root directory "/". The "filename" may contain wildcards (*,?).

locate filename
Find the file name of which contains the string "filename". Easier and faster than the previous command but depends on a database that normally rebuilds at night.

./program_name
Run an executable in the current directory, which is not on your PATH.

touch filename
Change the date/time stamp of the file filename to the current time. Create an empty file if the file does not exist.

xinit
Start a barebone X-windows server (without a windows manager).

startx
Start an X-windows server and the default windows manager. Works like typing "win" under DOS with Win3.1

startx -- :1
Start another X-windows session on the display 1 (the default is opened on display 0). You can have several GUI terminals running concurrently. Switch between them using <Ctrl><Alt><F7>, <Ctrl><Alt><F8>, etc.

xterm
(in X terminal) Run a simple X-windows terminal. Typing exit will close it. There are other, more advanced "virtual" terminals for X-windows. I like the popular ones: konsole and kvt (both come with kde) and gnome-terminal (comes with gnome). If you need something really fancy-looking, try Eterm.

shutdown -h now
(as root) Shut down the system to a halt. Mostly used for a remote shutdown. Use <Ctrl><Alt><Del> for a shutdown at the console (which can be done by any user).
halt

reboot
(as root, two commands) Halt or reboot the machine. Used for remote shutdown, simpler to type than the previous command.

Network apps
lynx file.html
View an html file or browse the net from the text mode.

mail
A basic operating system tool for e-mail. Look at the previous commands for a better e-mail reader. mail is good if you wanted to send an e-mail from a shell script.

talk username1
Talk to another user currently logged on your machine (or use "talk username1@machinename" to talk to a user on a different computer) . To accept the invitation to the conversation, type the command "talk username2". If somebody is trying to talk to you and it disrupts your work, your may use the command "mesg n" to refuse accepting messages. You may want to use "who" or "rwho" to determine the users who are currently logged-in.

mc
Launch the "Midnight Commander" file manager (looks like "Norton Commander" for Linux).

telnet server
Connect to another machine using the TELNET protocol. Use a remote machine name or IP address. You will be prompted for your login name and password--you must have an account on the remote machine to login. Telnet will connect you to another machine and let you operate on it as if you were sitting at its keyboard (almost). Telnet is not very secure--everything you type goes in open text, even your password!

ftp server
Ftp another machine. (There is also ncftp which adds extra features and gftp for GUI .) Ftp is good for copying files to/from a remote machine. Try user "anonymous" if you don't have an account on the remote server. After connection, use "?" to see the list of available ftp commands. The essential ftp command are: ls (see the files on the remote system), ASCII, binary (set the file transfer mode to either text or binary, important that you select the proper one ), get (copy a file from the remote system to the local system), mget (get many files at once), put (copy a file from the local system to the remote system), mput (put many files at once), bye (disconnect). For automation in a script, you may want to use ncftpput and ncftpget, for example:
ncftpput -u my_user_name -p my_password -a remote.host.domain remote_dir *local.html

minicom
Minicom program (looks like "Procomm for Linux").

File (de)compression
tar -zxvf filename.tar.gz
(=tape archiver) Untar a tarred and compressed tarball (*.tar.gz or *.tgz) that you downloaded from the Internet.

tar -xvf filename.tar
Untar a tarred but uncompressed tarball (*.tar).

gunzip filename.gz
Decompress a zipped file (*.gz" or *.z). Use gzip (also zip or compress) if you wanted to compress files to this file format.

bunzip2 filename.bz2
(=big unzip) Decompress a file (*.bz2) zipped with bzip2 compression utility. Used for big files.

unzip filename.zip
Decompress a file (*.zip) zipped with a compression utility compatible with PKZIP for DOS.

unarj e filename.arj
Extract the content of an *.arj archive.

uudecode -o outputfile filename
Decode a file encoded with uuencode. uu-encoded files are typically used for transfer of non-text files in e-mail (uuencode transforms any file into an ASCII file).

Process control
ps
(=print status) Display the list of currently running processes with their process IDs (PID) numbers. Use ps axu to see all processes currently running on your system (also those of other users or without a controlling terminal), each with the name of the owner. Use "top" to keep listing the processes currently running.

any_command&
Run any command in the background (the symbol "&amp;" means "run the proceeding command in the background").

batch any_command
Run any command (usually one that is going to take more time) when the system load is low. I can logout, and the process will keep running.

at 17:00
Execute a command at a specified time. You will be prompted for the command(s) to run, until you press <Ctrl>d.

kill PID
Force a process shutdown. First determine the PID of the process to kill using ps.

killall program_name
Kill program(s) by name.

xkill
(in an xwindow terminal) Kill a GUI-based program with mouse. (Point with your mouse cursor at the window of the process you want to kill and click.)

lpc
(as root) Check and control the printer(s). Type "?" to see the list of available commands.

lpq
Show the content of the printer queue. Under KDE (X-Windows), you may use GUI-based "Printer Queue" available from "K"menu-Utilities.

lprm job_number
Remove a printing job "job_number" from the queue.

Basic administration commands
setup
(as root) Configure mouse, soundcard, keyboard, X-windows, system services. There are many distibution-specific configuration utilities, setup is the default on RedHat. Mandrake 7.0 offers very nice DrakConf .

adduser user_name
Create a new account (you must be root). E.g., adduser barbara Don't forget to set up the password for the new user in the next step. The user home directory is /home/user_name.
useradd user_name
The same as the command " adduser user_name ".

userdel user_name
Remove an account (you must be a root). The user's home directory and the undelivered mail must be dealt with separately (manually because you have to decide what to do with the files).

groupadd group_name
Create a new group on your system. Non-essential but can be handy even on a home machine with a small number of users.

passwd
Change the password on your current account. If you are root, you can change the password for any user using: passwd user_name

chmod perm filename
(=change mode) Change the file access permission for the files you own (unless you are root in which case you can change any file). You can make a file accessible in three modes: read (r), write (w), execute (x) to three classes of users: owner (u), members of the same group as the owner (g), others on the system (o). Check the current access permissions using:

ls -l filename
If the file is accessible to all users in all modes it will show:
rwxrwxrwx
The first triplet shows the file permission for the owner of the file, the second for his/her group, the third for others. A "no" permission is shown as "-".
E.g., this command will add the permission to read the file "junk" to all (=user+group+others):

chmod a+r junk
This command will remove the permission to execute the file junk from others:

chmod o-x junk
Also try here for more info.
You can set the default file permissions for the news files that you create using the command umask (see man umask).

chown new_ownername filename
chgrp new_groupname filename
Change the file owner and group. You should use these two commands after you copy a file for use by somebody else.

su
(=substitute user id) Assume the superuser (=root) identity (you will be prompted for the password). Type "exit" to return you to your previous login. Don't habitually work on your machine as root. The root account is for administration and the su command is to ease your access to the administration account when you require it. You can also use "su" to assume any other user identity, e.g. su barbara will make me "barbara" (password required unless I am a superuser).

modprobe -l |more
List all the modules available for your kernel. The available modules are determined by how your Linux kernel was compliled. Every possible module/feature can be compiled on linux as either "hard wired" (fast, non-removable), "module" (maybe slower, but loaded/removable on demand), or "no" (no support for this feature at all).

insmod parport
insmod ppa
(as root) Insert modules into the kernel (a module is roughly an equivalent of a DOS device driver). This example shows how to insert the modules for support of the external parallel port zip drive (it appears to be a problem to get the external zip drive to work in any other way under RH6.0 ).

rmmod module_name
(as root, not essential). Remove the module module_name from the kernel.

setserial /dev/cua0 port 0x03f8 irq 4
(as root) Set a serial port to a non-standard setting. The example here shows the standard setting for the first serial port (cua0 or ttyS0). The standard PC settings for the second serial port (cua1or ttyS1) are: address of i/o port 0x02f8, irq 3. The third serial port (cua2 or ttyS2): 0x03e8, irq 4. The forth serial port (cua3 or ttyS3): 0x02e8, irq 3. Add your setting to /etc/rc.d/rc.local if you want it to be set at the boot time. See man setserial for good a overview.

fdisk
(as root) Linux hard drive partitioning utility (DOS has a utility with the same name).
cd /usr/src/linux-2.0.36

depmod -a
(as root) Build the module dependency table for the kernel. This can, for example, be useful after installing and booting a new kernel. Use "modprobe -a" to load the modules.

ldconfig
(as root) Re-create the bindings and the cache for the loader of dynamic libraries ("ld"). You may want to run ldconfig after an installation of new dynamically linked libraries on your system. (It is also re-run every time you boot the computer, so if you reboot you don't have to run it manually.)

mknod /dev/fd0 b 2 0
(=make node, as root) Create a device file. This example shows how to create a device file associated with your first floppy drive and could be useful if you happened to accidentally erase it. The options are: b=block mode device (c=character mode device, p=FIFO device, u=unbuffered character mode device). The two integers specify the major and the minor device number.

fdformat /dev/fd0H1440
mkfs -c -t ext2
(=floppy disk format, two commands, as root) Perform a low-level formatting of a floppy in the first floppy drive (/dev/fd0), high density (1440 kB). Then make a Linux filesystem (-t ext2), checking/marking bad blocks (-c ). Making the files system is an equivalent to the high-level format.

badblocks /dev/fd01440 1440
(as root) Check a high-density floppy for bad blocks and display the results on the screen. The parameter "1440" specifies that 1440 blocks are to be checked. This command does not modify the floppy.

fsck -t ext2 /dev/hda2
(=file system check, as root) Check and repair a filesystem. The example uses the partition hda2, filesystem type ext2.

dd if=/dev/fd0H1440 of=floppy_image
dd if=floppy_image of=/dev/fd0H1440
(two commands, dd="data duplicator") Create an image of a floppy to the file called "floppy_image" in the current directory. Then copy floppy_image (file) to another floppy disk. Works like DOS "DISKCOPY".

Program installation
rpm -ivh filename.rpm
(=RedhatPackageManager, install, verbose, hashes displayed to show progress, as root.) Install a content of RedHat rpm package(s) and print info on what happened. Keep reading if you prefer a GUI installation.

rpm -qpi filename.rpm
(=RedhatPackageManager, query, package, list.) Read the info on the content of a yet uninstalled package filename.rpm.

rpm -qpl filename.rpm
(=RedhatPackageManager, query, package, information.) List the files contained in a yet uninstalled package filename.rpm.

rpm -qf filename
(=RedhatPackageManager, query, file.) Find out the name of the *.rpm package to which the file filename (on your hardrive) belongs.

rpm -e packagename
(=RedhatPackageManager, erase=uninstall.) Uninstall a package pagckagename. Packagname is the same as the beginning of the *.rpm package file but without the dash and version number.

kpackage
gnorpm
glint
(in X terminal, as root if you want to be able to install packages) GUI fronts to the Red Hat Package Manager (rpm). "glint" comes with RH5.2, "gnorpm" with RH6.0, "kpackage" comes with RH6.1 or must be installed separately but is the best of the three. Use any of them to view which software packages are installed on your system and the what not-yet-installed packages are available on your RedHat CD, display the info about the packages, and install them if you want (installation must be done as root).

Accessing drives/partitions
mount
See here for details on mounting drives. Examples are shown in the next commands.

mount -t auto /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy
(as root) Mount the floppy. The directory /mnt/floppy must exist, be empty and NOT be your current directory.

mount -t auto /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
(as root) Mount the CD. You may need to create/modify the /dev/cdrom file depending where your CDROM is. The directory /mnt/cdrom must exist, be empty and NOT be your current directory.

mount /mnt/floppy
(as user or root) Mount a floppy as user. The file /etc/fstab must be set up to do this. The directory /mnt/floppy must not be your current directory.

mount /mnt/cdrom
(as user or root) Mount a CD as user. The file /etc/fstab must be set up to do this. The directory /mnt/cdrom must not be your current directory.

umount /mnt/floppy
Unmount the floppy. The directory /mnt/floppy must not be your (or anybody else's) current working directory. Depending on your setup, you might not be able to unmount a drive that you didn't mount.

Network administration tools
netconf
(as root) A very good menu-driven setup of your network.

ping machine_name
Check if you can contact another machine (give the machine's name or IP), press <Ctrl>C when done (it keeps going).

route -n
Show the kernel routing table.

nslookup host_to_find
Query your default domain name server (DNS) for an Internet name (or IP number) host_to_find. This way you can check if your DNS works. You can also find out the name of the host of which you only know the IP number.

traceroute host_to_trace
Have a look how you messages trave to host_to_trace (which is either a host name or IP number).

ifconfig
(as root) Display info on the network interfaces currently active (ethernet, ppp, etc). Your first ethernet should show up as eth0, second as eth1, etc, first ppp over modem as ppp0, second as ppp1, etc. The "lo" is the "loopback only" interface which should be always active. Use the options (see ifconfig --help) to configure the interfaces.

ifup interface_name
(/sbin/ifup to it run as a user) Startup a network interface. E.g.:

ifup eth0
ifup ppp0
Users can start up or shutdown the ppp interface only when the right permission was checked during the ppp setup (using netconf ). To start a ppp interface (dial-up connection), I normally use kppp available under kde menu "internet".

ifdown interface_name
(/sbin/ifdown to run it as a user). Shut down the network interface. E.g.: ifdown ppp0 Also, see the previous command.

netstat | more
Displays a lot (too much?) information on the status of your network.

Music-related commands
cdplay play 1
Play the first track from a audio CD.

eject
Get a free coffee cup holder :))). (Eject the CD ROM tray).

play my_file.wav
Play a wave file.
mpg123 my_file.mp3
Play an mp3 file.

mpg123 -w my_file.wav my_file.mp3
Create a wave audio file from an mp3 audio file.

cdparanoia -B "1-"
(CD ripper) Read the contents of an audio CD and save it into wavefiles in the current directories, one track per wavefile. The "1-"
means "from track 1 to the last". -B forces putting each track into a separate file.

playmidi my_file.mid
Play a midi file. playmidi -r my_file.mid will display text mode effects on the screen.

Graphics-related commands
kghostview my_file.ps
Display a postscript file on screen. I can also use the older-looking ghostview or gv for the same end effect.

ps2pdf my_file.ps my_file.pdf
Make a pdf (Adobe portable document format) file from a postscript file.

gimp
(in X terminal) A humble looking but very powerful image processor. Takes some learning to use, but it is great for artists, there is almost nothing you can't do with gimp. Use your mouse right button to get local menus, and learn how to use layers. Save your file in the native gimp file format *.xcf (to preserve layers) and only then flatten it and save as png (or whatever). There is a large user manual /usr/

Shortcut Floppy untuk Level User

2007-07-18T00:40:00.000-07:00

Fedora Core 5 memiliki keanehan [bug(?)] pada saat mengakses floppy pada level users, yaitu Permission Denied alias tidak ada ijin selain root. Nah... untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, coba deh ikutin salah satu alternatif di bawah ini...

1. Klik kanan pada dekstop, pilih Create New :: Link to Device :: Floppy Device...

2. Langsung tekan OK pada window properti yang muncul

3. Next, dari mc, buka file Floppy Device yang baru saja dibuat

4. Edit parameter menjadi sebagai berikut:

[Desktop Action Format]
Exec=kfloppy %v
Name=Format

[Desktop Entry]
Actions=Format;
Dev=/dev/fd0
Encoding=UTF-8
Icon=3floppy_mount
;MountPoint=/media/floppy
ReadOnly=false
Type=FSDevice
UnmountIcon=3floppy_unmount
X-KDE-Priority=TopLevel

5. Sekarang, pastikan file /etc/fstab sudah memiliki line link ke device floppy. Jika tidak ada silahkan di tambahkan, jika ada edit hingga menjadi seperti ini:

LABEL=/1 / ext3 defaults 1 1
LABEL=/boot1 /boot ext3 defaults 1 2
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
LABEL=SWAP-sda2 swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/fd0 /media/floppy auto noauto,users 0 0

6. Pastikan juga direktori /media/floppy dengan permission mode 777 sudah dibuat. Jika belum, dari terminal ketik:

# mkdir /media/floppy
# chmod 777 /media/floppy

7. Selesai, shortcut floppy siap digunakan

Simpan dengan Format Microsoft Office

2007-07-16T19:30:00.000-07:00

OpenOffice atau StarOffice secara default menyimpan dokumen ke dalam format native yang tidak kompatibel dengan Microsoft Office seperti ODT (untuk Writer ~ Open Document Text), ODS (untuk Spreadsheet ~ Open Dokumen Sheet) & ODP (untuk Presentation ~ Open Document Presentation). Kebanyakan para pemakai OpenOffice atau StarOffice ini tidak terlalu memperhatikan format file penyimpanan dokumen. Untuk mengautomatisasikan tipe format dokumen & menjadikannya sebagai default & sama dengan Microsoft Office (misal: tipe DOC untuk Document, XLS untuk Excel & PPT untuk Powerpoint), maka simak cara-cara sebagai berikut:

1. Buka OpenOffice atau StarOffice, pointer langsung menuju ke menu Tools :: Option

2. Pilih Opsi Load/Save :: General
a. Untuk merubah format tipe dokumen kompatibel dengan Microsoft Document (DOC), pilih Text Document pada combo Document Type & pilih Always Save As Microsoft Word 97/2000/XP

b. Untuk merubah format tipe dokumen kompatibel dengan Microsoft Excel (XLS), pilih Spreadsheet pada combo Document Type & pilih Always Save As Microsoft Excel 97/2000/XP

c. Untuk merubah format tipe dokumen kompatibel dengan Microsoft Powerpoint (PPT), pilih Presentation pada combo Document Type & pilih Always Save As Microsoft Powerpoint 97/2000/XP

Catatan: Akan lebih baik pula jika lokasi direktori penyimpanan telah ditentukan sebelumnya di tempat yang diinginkan, agar dokumen lebih teratur pada satu tempat. Untuk merubahnya, pilih opsi Paths :: My Documents, tekan tombol Edit & browse ke direktori yang diinginkan.

3. Selesai melakukan perubahan, tekan OK & selesai

Install Printer Laser HP 1020/1018/1005/1000 di Fedora 4/5/6/7

2007-07-15T21:21:00.000-07:00

1. Download driver di sini
2. Login sebagai root & extract paket dengan perintah:

# tar xzfv foo2zjs.tar.gz

3. Masuk ke direktori foo2zjs
4. Compile dengan perintah:

# make

5. Download firmware untuk masing2 seri printer dengan perintah:
a. Untuk seri HP 1020, ketikkan:

# ./getweb 1020

b. Untuk seri HP 1018, ketikkan:

# ./getweb 1018

c. Untuk seri HP 1020, ketikkan:

# ./getweb 1020

d. Untuk seri HP 1000, ketikkan:

# ./getweb 1000

Catatan: Pastikan Anda terhubung ke internet sebelumnya. Jika tidak, silakan hubungi PUSTI untuk mendapatkan firmware masing-masing seri tersebut.
6. Compile & install dengan perintah:

# make install

7. Konfigurasi hotplug dengan perintah:

# make install-hotplug

8. Buat spooler untuk CUPS dengan perintah:

# make cups

9. Selesai. Selanjutnya, buat koneksi printer seperti biasa dari TOMI :: Administration :: Printing

NFS Pada PC Baru Zyrex

2007-06-08T18:50:00.000-07:00

Problem:
Sharing aplikasi di PC Zyrex yang baru tidak dapat dilakukan, baik untuk server maupun client. Padahal, status servis NFS & jaringan dalam keadaan OK. Kenape ye?

Penyebab:
Pengadaan seluruh unit PC Zyrex yang telah "ditanami" Linux Fedora Core 4 oleh pihak vendor agak "cacat" pada pemberian nama direktori untuk partisi /Data (vfat / fat32). Seharusnya nama direktori itu adalah /data (dengan karakter awal "d" yang kecil). Perbedaan sederhana ini mengakibatkan kegagalan pada tujuan mapping direktori.

Jika PC baru tersebut dijadikan server, maka seluruh client tidak dapat memanggil aplikasi. Namun, apabila PC itu digunakan sebagai client, maka hanya PC itu sendiri yang tidak dapat memanggil aplikasi.

Solusi:
Solusinya? Guampang... Intinya, rename saja direktori /Data menjadi /data sebelum seting lain dilakukan. Untuk lebih amannya, pastikan partisi /Data tersebut dalam keadaan tidak ter-mount dengan menggunakan perintah:

# umount /Data

Cara me-rename bisa dengan cara apa saja. Boleh pake mc atau langsung command line berikut:

# mv /Data /data

Setelah itu, sesuaikan nama direktori yang terdapat pada file /etc/fstab dengan menggantinya menjadi /data (jangan lupa: huruf "d" yang kecil).

Selanjutnya, cek partisi tersebut dengan mengetikan perintah:

# mount -a

Jika tidak ada pesan kesalahan, silakan di reboot untuk memastikan pekerjaan telah selesai & dapat dilanjutkan untuk tahapan yang lain.

Merotasi Gambar di Linux (Fedora Core 4 atau 5)

2007-06-07T23:37:00.000-07:00

Problem:
Begitu mudahnya merotasi gambar di Windows. Bagaimana jika dilakukan dengan Linux?

Solusi:
Merotasi gambar di Windows (XP) bisa dilakukan dengan embedded image viewer Windows Explorer. Cukup klik 2x file gambar yang diinginkan, kemudian window aplikasi image viewer akan muncul. Untuk merotasi ke kiri atau ke kanan, pilih 2 tombol yang tersedia disebelah kanan bawah.

Untuk merotasi gambar di Linux (Fedora Core 4), dimulai dengan memilih file yang ingin dirotasi dilanjutkan dengan menekan tombol mouse kanan lalu pilih menu Preview In :: KView Image Viewer.

Pada tampilan KView yang baru, silakan rotasi gambar dengan memilih salah satu dari 2 icon yang tersedia.

Hasilnya? Sama dengan di Windows, bukan?

Problem Di VFAT (DATA)

2006-10-19T23:41:00.000-07:00

Problem:
Mas Eko, kasus listrik mati kadang2 bisa membuat file system di /data jadi read only. Direboot kadang bisa kembali normal, tapi kadang enggak. Sudah ada 3 kasus di cabang yang macam ini. Penjelasannya bagaimana? Memang vfat nggak sepenuhnya di-support sama FC4, po?
Jogja IT

Penyebab:
Implikasi parameter di FSTAB (Masih dugaan)

Solusi:
Karena ini masih dugaan (PUSTI belum pernah menemukan kasus seperti ini), silakan wong Jogja untuk merubah parameter yang ada di file /etc/fstab

Yang sebelumnya:

/dev/hdax      /data      vfat      defaults      0 0

Menjadi:

/dev/hdax      /data      vfat      users,rw,owner,umask=000      0 0

Atau cukup mengganti parameter defaults menjadi users,rw,owner,umask=000. Segera laporkan jika ada perkembangan

Update Kernel Fedora Core 4

2006-10-18T18:31:00.000-07:00

Update kernel ditujukan untuk mengatasi permasalahan bug yang ada misal kegagalan deteksi hardware yang terjadi, seperti kasus Mr. Wayan dari Kanwil Balikpapan (yg baru diketahui, klik disini untuk melihat masalahnya). Sesuai dengan dokumentasi yang saya temukan, peningkatan kernel ini SEHARUSNYA dapat memecahkan persoalan tampilan GUI XWindow dari komputer Wearnes yang tidak kompatibel atau beberapa jenis modem yang sebelumnya tidak pernah dideteksi (selain dari chipset Connexant, walaupun ini belum diuji sepenuhnya oleh PUSTI karena keterbatasan hardware).

Dokumen ini saya tulis sekali lagi semata2 untuk kalangan luas yang menggunakan LINUX pada umumnya atau Fedora Core 4 pada khususnya. Karena saya terlibat di project KDE (lihat disini dan disitu), paling tidak penyampaian metode open source untuk umum tetap saya buka seluas-luasnya.

Oke, kita mulai bagaimana cara mengupdate kernel. Asumsikan, FC4 harus fresh, dalam artian tidak ada kerusakan system sebelumnya.

1. Download kernel terbaru disini (40 MB)
2. Dari console (atau terminal), install kernel tersebut dengan perintah
rpm -ivh kernel-2.6.17...
3. setelah install, akan terbentuk direktori baru di /usr/src/redhat. Masuk ke direktori tersebut cd /usr/src/redhat/SOURCES
4. Temukan file linux-2.6.17.tar.bz2, lalu ekstrak dengan menggunakan perintah
tar xjfv linux-2.6.17.tar.bz2
5. Buat simbolik link dengan perintah
ln -s /usr/src/redhat/SOURCES/linux-2.6.17 /usr/src/linux
6. kemudian, masuk ke direktori simbolik link tadi
cd /usr/src/linux
7. Bersihkan konfigurasi awal
make mrproper
8. Konfigurasikan kernel baru dengan perintah
make menuconfig
9. Akan tampil window baru, jangan pusing2. Kita hanya menggunakan opsi standar dari kernel baru ini. Langsung saja tekan Exit dan Yes untuk menyimpan konfigurasi
10. Bersihkan hasil kompilasi dengan perintah
make clean
11. Buat image vmlinuz dengan perintah
make bzImage
12. Buat modul aktif yang baru kita kompil dengan perintah
make modules
13. Instal modul ini dengan perintah
make modules_install
14. Selesai kompilasi modul, copy file bzImage ke direktori /boot
cp /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.17
15. Satu lagi, copy file System.map ke direktori /boot
cp /usr/src/linux/System.map /boot/System.map-2.6.17
16. Buat simbolik link untuk file boot vmlinuz
ln -s /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.17 /boot/vmlinuz
17. Buat simbolik link kedua untuk file boot System.map
ln -s /boot/System.map-2.6.17 /boot/System.map
18. Buat file init boot dengan perintah
/sbin/mkinitrd /boot/initrd-2.6.17.img 2.6.17
19. Edit Grub
Dari file sebelum:
default=0
timeout=5
splashimage=(hd0,0)/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title Fedora Core (2.6.11-1.1369_FC4)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.11-1.1369_FC4 ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet
initrd
/boot/initrd-2.6.11-1.1369_FC4.img
title windows
rootnoverify (hd0,4)
chainloader +1
Menjadi:
default=0
timeout=5
splashimage=(hd0,0)/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title Kernel Anyar FC4 (2.6.17)
root (hd0,0)
kernel
/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.17 ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet
initrd
/boot/initrd-2.6.17.img
title Fedora Core (2.6.11-1.1369_FC4)
root
(hd0,0)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.11-1.1369_FC4 ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet
initrd /boot/initrd-2.6.11-1.1369_FC4.img
title windows
rootnoverify
(hd0,4)
chainloader +1
(Tambahkan yang memiliki huruf tebal, ikuti aturan penulisan sesuai file aslinya)
20. Install ulang grub loader dengan perintah
/sbin/grub-install hd0
21. Selesai! Reboot
22. Setelah loading, buktikan kernel baru dengan perintah
uname -r
Jika benar, maka akan tampil tulisan

2.6.17

Tips: Paket Font Windows Komplit

2006-10-17T19:28:00.000-07:00

Malas untuk melakukan aktifitas upload font Windows satu-satu dari Control Center? Ini ada tips sederhana untuk menambah font windows ke dalam fedora core 4.

Download paket webcore-fonts-1.3-1.noarch.rpm
Install dari console:

rpm -ivh webcore-fonts-1.3-1.noarch.rpm
Untuk membuktikan, buka Open Office, coba lihat... sudah ada kan font windows komplitnya?

Memperjelas Kualitas Cetakan Printer

2006-10-16T18:36:00.000-07:00

Sejauh yang kita ketahui bersama, bahwa sebenarnya hasil cetakan printer dalam fedora core 4 (sangat...sangat) kurang berkualitas & tidak memenuhi standar mata normal alias susah dilihat. Memang hal ini dikarenakan bahwa CUPS secara default memberikan opsi draft sehingga printer mampu mencetak dengan cepat namun dengan kualitas seadanya.

Untuk memperjelas hasil cetakan printer, lakukan langkah-langkah sebagai berikut:

Dari Tomi :: System Settings :: Printing
Klik kanan pada printer yang akan diubah kualitas cetaknya
Pilih Edit
Buka Tab Printer Driver
Ganti pilihan yang tersedia pada opsi Available Drivers
Akhiri dengan Apply

Hasil Print SBK Tumpang Tindih

2006-10-12T21:17:00.000-07:00

Problem:
Hasil printer SBK sering rusak (tumpang tindih / lompat).

Penyebab:
1. Ditemukan kasus, file mime.types dan/atau mime.convs pada folder /etc/cups yang tidak sesuai petunjuk. Akibatnya, proses RAW print tidak optimal.
2. Ditemukan kasus, proses print berjalan mulus pada kondisi hardware dengan pemakaian RAM sebesar 256 MB

Solusi:
1. Pastikan semua petunjuk diikuti dengan benar.
2. Jika solusi #1 tidak berhasil, coba naikkan RAM menjadi 256 MB pada komputer yang terhubung dengan printer.

Driver Printer PIXMA IP1000

2006-10-09T22:59:00.000-07:00

* Pastikan berada pada root access.

1. Install driver bjfilter-common-2.50-2.i386.rpm dan bjfilter-pixmaip1000-2.50-2.i386.rpm.

rpm -ivh bjfilter-common-2.50-2.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh bjfilter-pixmaip1000-2.50-2.i386.rpm

2. Kemudian restart CUPS

service cups restart

3. Add printer kayak biasa

Note:
Jika terdapat dependency failed yang membutuhkan file libxml pada saat install, gunakan perintah berikut sebelum proses #1 diatas dikerjakan

cd /usr/lib

ln -s libxml2.so.2 libxml.so.1

Keyboard Mampet di KDE

2006-10-06T21:15:00.000-07:00

Problem:
Respon keyboard mendadak sangat lambat pada saat masuk KDE

Penyebab:
Bug pada KDE (Sticky Key)

Solusi:
1. Dari Control Center::Accesibility::Keyboard, hilangkan centang Slow Key...
2. Tekan tombol SHIFT selama 8 detik di KDE
3. Jika solusi #1 & #2 tidak berhasil, delete folder “.kde” pada direktori /root
Sumber: http://www.gatago.com/linux/redhat/20333556.html

Menghapus Queue Printer

2006-10-03T21:12:00.000-07:00

Problem:
Antrian print tidak bisa dihapus

Penyebab:
Driver standar CUPS kurang stabil

Solusi:
Dari console / terminal, ketikkan perintah "cancel -a" atau "lprm -a" (tanpa tanda petik).

NIC Tidak Detek

2006-10-01T20:55:00.000-07:00

Problem:
LAN card tidak bisa dideteksi di beberapa Motherboard

Penyebab:
1. Pada Motherboard Asus P5V800-MX, terjadi ketidakkompatibelan antara kernel standar 2.6.11 FC4 dengan chipset VIA vt8251
Sumber:http://forums.viaarena.com/messageview.aspx?catid=28&threadid=68455&STARTPAGE=2&enterthread=y

Solusi:
1. ~~Masih dalam tahap uji coba~~ upgrade kernel ~~antara~~ versi ~~2.6.15, 2.6.16 dan~~ 2.6.17 untuk ~~mencari~~ the best possibility.

Silakan lihat panduan upgrade kernel

Swap Error

2006-08-12T19:48:00.000-07:00

Buka Terminal coi
Masuk ke folder /root
Create file swap manual dgn perintah:
dd[spasi]if=/dev/zero[spasi]of=swapfile[spasi]bs=1024[spasi]count=524288 (enter)
keterangan:
a. 524288 dalam satuan byte (= 512 MB)
b. Jika tidak bisa, untuk sementara gunakan 65536 (=64 MB)
Ubah permission swapfile dgn perintah:
chmod[spasi]600[spasi]swapfile (enter)
Jadikan swapfile permanen dgn perintah:
mkswap[spasi]swapfile (enter)

--> Di layar akan muncul:

Setting up swapspace version 1, size = ... Kb
bla...bla...bla...
Terakhir, apply swapfile menjadi swap beneran dgn perintah:
swapon[spasi]swapfile (enter)

atau :
Masuk ke file /etc/rc.d/init.d/cups
Cari entri kata “start” lalu edit baris dibawahnya & masukkan perintah:
swapon[spasi]/root/swapfile &
Contoh sebelum:
start () {
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
config
Contoh sesudah:
start () {
swapon /root/swapfile &
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
config
Restart & Selesai gitu loh